摘要: 深海微生物是地球生物系统的重要组成部分,深海微生物由于其在生态、资源、环境等方面的重要性,越来越受到人们的重视。本文对深海微生物研究开发的历史和进展进行概述。
关键词: 深海微生物; 研究; 开发
Research and development of deepsea microbes
ABSTRACT Deepsea microbes are the important components of earth biological system. Deepsea microbes have received more and more intensive attention as their importance in the research and application in ecology, resources, environments, and so on. In this study, the history and main achievements in deepsea microbial research and developments were briefly introduced.
KEY WORDS Deepsea microbes; Research; Development
深海的概念通常指
1 工业应用
工业生产常常要求一些特殊的反应温度、酸碱度并加入一些有机溶剂,在这种条件下,普通酶无法保持活性,因此,依赖酶的工业必须花费大量资金采取特殊的工艺以保持这些酶的活性,从而大大提高了成本,而极端酶在普通酶失活的条件下仍然能保持较高的活性,所以在工业上有着广泛的的应用前景。目前已经有高温聚合酶、糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶等几种极端酶开始工业化生产,并且已经创造了数十亿美元的经济效益。
2 医药应用
从生物体内研制药物治疗人类的各种疾病由来已久。由于越来越多的病原菌或病毒对目前的药物产生了抗药性,并且不断产生新的疾病。因此从海洋中筛选新的生物药物成为海洋药物研究开发的方向。深海生物由于环境的独特性而成为新型特效药物、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降压降脂等药物的来源。目前国际上在深海药物的筛选方面还未见太多报道,但是可以预料它的前景将是十分广阔的。
3 环境保护
在海底,由于动物尸体聚集、火山喷发等原因造成有毒物质及硫化物等对陆地生物有害物质的浓度较高,而生存在这里的微生物能分解这些物质并以其为能源繁衍生息,因此,这些生物在清除地球表面的重金属、石油等污染物方面具有重要的应用价值。目前日本科学家已经从深海中筛选到具有较高的石油分解能力的菌株,并已开展了应用研究。从20世纪后期开始,随着深海技术能力的提高,越来越多的国家投身于深海研究的前沿领域。目前的深海载人潜器下潜深度达到
作者:肖湘 王风平
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